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On 12 June 2014, three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped at the bus/hitchhiking stop at the Israeli settlement of Alon Shvut in Gush Etzion, in the occupied West Bank, as they were hitchhiking to their homes.〔 The three teens were Naftali Frenkel (16, from Nof Ayalon), Gilad Shaer (16, from Talmon), and Eyal Yifrah (19, from Elad).〔 Gilad Shaer called a police emergency hotline to report the kidnapping.〔 The emergency call recording, initially under a gag order, was leaked to the public.〔 After Gilad Shaer's whispered message "They kidnapped me", the taped call also recorded shouting in Arabic from the kidnappers and several volleys of automatic gunfire.〔〔 Within days, Israeli investigators, though lacking conclusive proof, strongly suspected the teenagers had been killed, and, if so, knew where the victims' bodies would probably have been dumped.〔Amos Harel and Yaniv Kubovich, ('Revealed: Behind the scenes on the hunt to find kidnapped teens,' ) Haaretz 1 July 2014.〕〔Jonathan Freedland,(Liberal Zionism After Gaza,' ) New York Review of Books 26 July 2014.:'Few of these campaigners knew that the Israeli authorities had, in fact, established from the start that the boys were dead and apparently withheld that information from the public.'〕 The Israel Defense Forces initiated Operation Brother's Keeper in search of the three teenagers. As part of the operation, in the following 11 days Israel arrested around 350 Palestinians,〔 including nearly all of Hamas' West Bank leaders. Five Palestinians were killed during the military operation. On 15 June, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the teens had been kidnapped by Hamas, which Hamas denied.〔 Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas maintained that as of 22 June there was no evidence that Hamas was behind the kidnapping. On 25 July, BBC correspondent Jon Donnison tweeted that Israeli police spokesman Mickey Rosenfeld stated that the kidnappings did not occur on the orders of, or with the knowledge of the Hamas leadership, and that the crime was the action of a "lone cell".〔('Hamas not complicit in teens’ kidnap: Israeli police,' ) The Daily Star 26 July 2014.'“Israeli police spokes Mickey Rosenfeld also said if kidnapping had been ordered by Hamas leadership, they'd have known about it in advance.”〕〔Katie Zavadski, New York Magazine, 25 July 2014.〕〔Peter Walker, Tom McCarthy ('Gaza crisis: Kerry says ceasefire deal remains out of reach,' ) The Guardian 25 July 2014.:5:45 pm:"Israeli police MickeyRosenfeld tells me men who killed 3 Israeli teens def lone cell, hamas affiliated but not operating under leadership," Donnison tweets:.'〕 Sheera Frenkel had reported similar views from Israel and Palestinian sources some ten days earlier.〔Sheera Frenkel,('Who Was Behind The Kidnapping Of Three Israeli Teens, And Why Are They So Hard To Find?,' ) Buzzfeed,15 Jun 2014 :'The kidnapping of three Israeli teenagers was likely carried out by a small group of militants with no direct orders from Hamas, ISIS, or any other regional terror group, said senior Israeli and Palestinian officials Sunday. . .For years, Israeli officials have warned that there was a rising threat from individuals carrying out terror attacks without the assistance of an organized group. Those attacks, they added, were harder to defend against as there was often no intelligence warning leading up to the attack. “What we do know, is that this was likely an opportunistic move. The men behind this may have ties to a larger terror group, but this does not have the markings of a well-planned, complex operation.”.'〕〔 Rosenfeld later denied having used the words "lone cell".〔Batya Ungar-Sargon, ('Did Israel Say Hamas Didn’t Kidnap Its Teens? No.,' ) Tablet magazine 28 July 2014.〕 On 5 August, Israel said that it had arrested Hussam Qawasmeh on 11 July, who is suspected of having organized the killing of the three teenagers. According to court documents, Qawasmeh stated that Hamas members in Gaza financed the recruitment and arming of the killers. Hussam Qawasmeh's lawyers stated that he confessed under "heavy torture" from Israeli security services, Shin Bet. Qawasmeh lawyer stated "What he said during interrogation was that he was responsible for ordering the kidnapping," and that "The orders came from him personally."〔(Israel Releases Details Of Hamas Cell Accused Of Kidnapping And Killing Three Israeli Teens ) Buzzfeed Retrieved 7th August 2014〕 On 26 June, the Israel Security Agency released the identities of two Hamas suspects in the kidnapping. Both ISA and Palestinian authorities said that the two men have been missing since the night of the kidnapping, and the ISA stated that both had engaged in terrorism, been arrested, and served time in the past, and were considered suspects immediately after the kidnapping. A senior Palestinian intelligence official said off the record that their disappearance constituted clear evidence the two suspects have links with the abduction. On 30 June, search teams found the bodies of the three missing teenagers in a field north-west of Hebron. They had apparently been killed shortly after their abduction. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed a tough response to the killings. On 20 August 2014, a Hamas official Salah al-Arouri, who had been publicly identified as the mastermind of the operation several days after the kidnapping, on June 19,〔 said that the organization's armed wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, was behind the kidnapping and murder.〔(Hamas official: we were behind the kidnapping of three Israeli teenagers ) The Guardian Retrieved 21 August 2014〕〔(Hamas kidnapped three teenagers, leading figure says ) The Telegraph Retrieved 22nd August 2014〕 The Shin Bet had been investigating him in the belief that he ran a major Hamas network in the West Bank, headed by Riad Nasser of Deir Qadis, near Ramallah, and that he was behind the kidnapping. Following this line of investigation may have delayed the capture of Hussam al-Qarasme, who was only arrested on the 10th of July.〔 al-Arouri, one of the founders of Hamas's military wing, made his comments at a conference in Istanbul, where he lives in exile.〔(Hamas official: we were behind the kidnapping of three Israeli teenagers ) The Guardian Retrieved 21 August 2014〕〔 The Israeli Defense establishment thinks that Arouri is unconnected with the kidnapping, and was engaged in boasting.〔 Hamas leader Khaled Mashal said that some Hamas members had kidnapped and murdered the Israeli teens but stated that they were not acting on orders from the Hamas leadership, which he said, were "not aware of this action taken by this group of Hamas members in advance" and the first he heard about it was through the Israeli investigation into the events.〔( Mashal: Hamas was behind murder of three Israeli teens ) Ynet Retrieved 23 August 2014〕〔(Mashaal admits Hamas members killed Israeli teens ) The Times of Israel Retrieved 23rd August 2014〕 Meshaal, who has headed Hamas' exiled political wing since 2004, has denied being involved in the "details" of Hamas "military issues". He initially praised the kidnappers hoping the action could lead to the release Palestinian prisoners. According to J. J. Goldberg, the military indictment contains no evidence of orders from Hamas itself and strengthens the thesis that the incident was organized by the Qawasmeh family alone from start to finish.〔('Kidnap Plotter Indicted: Still Looks Like 'Lone Cell' ) The Forward, 5 September 2014.〕 According to Amos Harel and Chaim Levinson, the kidnappers planned to wait a few days, then contact senior Hamas operatives in the Hebron area, to manage the hostage and negotiate a prisoner swap with Israel. In their view it appears doubtful that any senior Hamas official would have been ready to accept that kind of risk.〔 On 23 September 2014, after Israel killed the two suspects Marwan Kawasmeh and Amar Abu-Isa in a shootout, IDF Chief Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz announced that Operation Brother's Keeper "has come to an end."〔''The Jerusalem Post'', ("Gantz: Operation Brothers Keeper has come to an end" ). 09/23/2014.〕 On 6 January 2015, Hussam Qawasmeh, a member of Hamas, was jailed and sentenced to three life terms in prison for the murders. He must also pay $63,000 in compensation to the victims' families.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Palestinian jailed for murder of Israeli teenagers )〕 ==Background== 2013 was a calm period with the November 2012 ceasefire being largely respected, despite 50 rockets fired by Palestinians and 10 airstrikes by Israel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human Rights and Democracy Report 2013 )〕 According to PCHR 44 Palestinians were killed and over 100 injured, while the Israeli Security Agency reported six Israeli fatalities (all but one from the West Bank) and 44 injuries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= 2013 Annual Summary )〕 The first half of 2014 saw an increase in tension manifested by a higher rate of injuries. Among Palestinians there were 43 fatalities in the first half of the year plus 1860 injuries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WEEKLY REPORT 1 – 7 JULY 2014 )〕 Tension was also increased by Israel’s opposition to the formation of a Hamas-Fatah unity government, with threats of sanctions and the burgeoning issue of prisoners and the violation of the Shalit agreement〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Update on Hunger Strikes, Force Feeding & Arrest Campaign - June 2014 )〕〔Nathan Thrall, ('Hamas’s Chances.' ) London Review of Books Vol. 36 No 16 • 21 August 2014 (1 August) pp. 10–12〕 Mutual attacks on each other by Israel and Gaza continued, as did the Israeli blockade of Gaza.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Israeli air, land and sea assaults on Palestinians continue )〕 Mainstream western media ascribe the initiation of the major 2014 conflict to the kidnapping of the three Israeli teenagers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Toll in Gaza and Israel, Day by Day )〕 Some news analysts believe that earlier clashes might also have played a role in the chain of events. On 15 May two Palestinian teenagers were shot dead during the Nakba commemorations in the Beitunia killings. An autopsy report published on 9 June proved the death of one of them to be due to "live fire", i.e. not rubber bullets.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel: Killing of Children Apparent War Crime )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=All In with Chris Hayes )〕〔Ilan Pappé, ('The Historical Perspective of the 2014 Gaza Massacre,' ) The Plymouth Institute for Peace Research, 21 August 2014.〕 The Israeli Foreign Ministry web site emphasizes rocket fire from Gaza as being the reason for the IDF war on Gaza.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Statement by PM Netanyahu )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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